Friday, September 23, 2016

Ingress Protection

                 
Electrical equipments used in process areas are protected against the ingress of foreign particles/water. The classification of ingress protection is given in table.
The protection of enclosures against ingress of dirt or against the ingress of water is defined in IEC529 (BSEN60529:1991). Conversely, an enclosure which protects equipment against ingress of particles will also protect a person from potential hazards within that enclosure, and this degree of protection is also defined as a standard.
The degrees of protection are most commonly expressed as ‘IP’ followed by two numbers, e.g. IP65, where the numbers define the degree of protection. The first digit shows the extent to which the equipment is protected against particles, or to which persons are protected from enclosed hazards. The second digit indicates the extent of protection against water.
The wording in the table is not exactly as used in the standards document, but the dimensions are accurate.


1st charactno.
Protection of machine against solid particle
2ndcharact no.
Protection of machine against penetrating of water
0
No protection
0
No protection
1
Particles > 50mm
1
Vertically dripping water
2
Particles >12mm
2
Water angled at 75-90deg
3
Particles >2.5mm
3
Sprayed water
4
Particles >1mm
4
Splashed water
5
Dust protected
5
Water jet
6
Ship's deck
7
Effect of immersion
8
Indefinite immersion

IP Degree of Protection according to EN/IEC 60529
Correlations between IP (IEC) and NEMA 250 standards
·                     IP10 -> NEMA 1
·                     IP11 -> NEMA 2
·                     IP54 -> NEMA 3 R
·                     IP52 -> NEMA 5-12-12 K
·                     IP54 -> NEMA 3-3 S
·                     IP56 -> NEMA 4-4 X
·                     IP67 -> NEMA 6-6 P


Measurement Tool for Correct Reading


Saturday, July 16, 2016

Testing of Trip Coil Supervision Relay (94)

.     Pick-Up and Drop-Off voltage to be checked for all TCS  relay.
                                    .     Before testing technical data of devices to be checked.
                                    .     Testing to be performed by voltage injection on coil terminals.
                                    .     Function check by simulation with nominal voltage of trip circuits.
                                    .     Connect DC Variable voltage to tripping relay coil and increase                                                      voltage until relay trips. Note this voltage.
                                    .      Switch OFF the voltage.
                                    .      Connect the NO contact of the Tripping relay to stop the timer.
                                    .      Again apply the voltage and note the time of operation

Testing of Trip & lockout Relay (86)

Pick-Up and Drop-Off voltage to be checked for all Lockout relays.
                                    .    Before testing technical data of devices to be checked.
                                    .    Testing to be performed by voltage injection on coil terminals.                                                        Connect DC variable voltage to trip coil and increase voltage until                                                   relay trip. Note this voltage. Check operational of flag indicator and                                                  reset the lockout relay.
                                    .    Switch OFF the voltage and reset the lockout relay.
                                    .    Connect the NO contact of Lockout relay to stop the timer.
                                    .    Again apply the voltage and note the time of operation.
                                    .    Operating time to be tested with the timer for rated voltage of coil.
                                    .    Check operation of flag indicator and reset the trip lockout of relay.

                                    .    Function check by simulation operation of all protection as per                                                         approved drawing.

Testing of Neutral Over-Current Relay (50n / 51N) :

Neutral Over-Current relay is tested with secondary injection set with electronic meter. . Ensure that the CT incoming on the Test Plug MMLB01 is shorted before inserting. . Isolate the Relay Current Measuring Element & Trip /Alarm contacts by inserting the Test Block MMLB01. . Connect correct polarity (rating of DC Voltage through Test Plug MMLB01 to Relay. Ready “LED indicator” Should be illuminated. Press the “Target Reset” button and check that all target LEDs light up. . Ensure Curve selection as required. . Disable the instantaneous element and enable the time delayed element of the Relay. . Set the value and check start value for O/C protection. . Inject single phase current into the current element (terminal # B9 & B10) and slowly increase the current until the Pick-up LED lights. . Connect the Relay time delayed output contacts (terminals # A3 & A6) to both trip the test set, and stop a timer. . Set appropriate time setting. . Inject single phase current at a current level of “n” X rated current ( where “n” being the multiple of current setting of the Relay. . Check operating time for the Relay. . Inject single phase current at different current levels/curve selection & measure the operating times. . For instantaneous element operation, enable the instantaneous element of rhe Relay. . Adjust current setting for instantaneous element and connect instantaneous trip output contact (terminal # A3-A8) to trip the test set. . Time delay element is set to operate in 4s. The current level should be set, and then suddenly applied.

Testing of Relay MF - Restricted Earth Fault Protection (64)

Before testing, relay technical data and set voltage value to be                                       checked.
            .   Relay connection to be checked according to approved technical                              design. Particular attention should be paid to the correct wiring and                               value of any external resistors indicated on the wiring diagram/relay                            rating information.     
            .     With the relay removed its case, check electrically that the CT                                 shorting switch is closed.
            .     Relay operating voltage to be tested by injection voltage by test plug.                    Increase  the voltage until the relay just operates. Noted operating                     voltage which should correspond to the setting VR  of the relay with a                         tolerance of ± 10%. Note the current in the relay, it should be                                        approximately 38mA at setting. Note Drop off/Pick-up ratio, should be            greater than 50%.
            .    Stability test of the relay to be performed by secondary current                                injection.
            .     Stability test to be performed for two cases: in protected zone and out                               of protected zone.
            .     Operation of the relay trip contacts and indicators to be checked

Testing of TRIP CIRCUIT SUPERVISION RELAY (97)

Trip circuit supervision relay is tested with variable DC power supply, Variable Resistance, one Push button with set of NO + NC contacts and Electronic Timer. . Connect correct polarity/rating of DC Voltage to Relay (terminal # B9 & B10). Press the “Target Reset” button and check that all target LEDs lights up. . UNDER VOLTAGE TEST . Connect Variable DC power supply to Relay Breaker Voltage inputs: teminal B1 (+ve) & B2 (-ve). . Set the time to minimum in order to ease the test. . Short all the Relay Trip coil monitoring inputs. . Apply different Voltages and check that the undervoltage LED flashes pick –up) with voltage (see table below). The LED remains flashing, until the undervoltage condition disappears (drop out voltage). When the drop-out voltage is reached, and the set time elapses, the LED stop flashing and is lit permanently (fault memory function).


VOLTAGE  SETTING
PICK-UP VOLTAGE
(VOLTAGE FAILURE)
DROP-OUT VOLTAGE
(VOLTAGEOK)
50V
45V
55V
55V
50V
60V
60V
55V
65V
70V
65V
75V
90V
85V
95V
125V
118V
133V

.       TIME DELAY TEST
                .        Connect 125VDC  supply to Relay Breaker Voltage inputs: terminal B1                                        (+ve)  & B2 (-ve).
                .       Connect the Push button NC contacts to Relay Trip coil # 1 monitoring input
                                (terminal # B3) & Breaker Voltage input (terminal # B2).
                .       Connect the Breaker circuit OK “NO” output contacts to stop the timer.
                .       Set the Time Delay according to the table given below: and check that the                                     results in the table are complied with. Repeat the test using coil # 2 & 31/P’s.

TIME DELAY
SETTING
MINIMUM OPERATING TIME
MAXIMUM OPERATING TIME
DROP-OUT TIME
(OUTPUT RELAY)
200ms
200ms
240ms

400ms
400ms
440ms

600ms
600ms
640ms

1 s
1 s
1.04 s
100 – 150ms








                     

Testing of Neutral Over-Current Relay (50n / 51N) :

Neutral Over-Current relay is tested with secondary injection set with electronic meter. . Ensure that the CT incoming on the Test Plug MMLB01 is shorted before inserting. . Isolate the Relay Current Measuring Element & Trip /Alarm contacts by inserting the Test Block MMLB01. . Connect correct polarity (rating of DC Voltage through Test Plug MMLB01 to Relay. Ready “LED indicator” Should be illuminated. Press the “Target Reset” button and check that all target LEDs light up. . Ensure Curve selection as required. . Disable the instantaneous element and enable the time delayed element of the Relay. . Set the value and check start value for O/C protection. . Inject single phase current into the current element (terminal # B9 & B10) and slowly increase the current until the Pick-up LED lights. . Connect the Relay time delayed output contacts (terminals # A3 & A6) to both trip the test set, and stop a timer. . Set appropriate time setting. . Inject single phase current at a current level of “n” X rated current ( where “n” being the multiple of current setting of the Relay. . Check operating time for the Relay. . Inject single phase current at different current levels/curve selection & measure the operating times. . For instantaneous element operation, enable the instantaneous element of rhe Relay. . Adjust current setting for instantaneous element and connect instantaneous trip output contact (terminal # A3-A8) to trip the test set. . Time delay element is set to operate in 4s. The current level should be set, and then suddenly applied.

Testing of RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY (87N)

Restricted Earth Fault Relay is tested with secondary injection test set with electronic meter. . Isolate the Relay current Measuring Element & Trip Alarm contact by inserting the Test Block MMB01. . Set the seal in coil rating to 0.2 A dc. . Set the trip level value to 0.2 A. . Connect the Relay trip output contacts (terminal # 1 & 2) to both trip the test set, and stop a timer. . Inject single phase current into current element (terminal # 5 & 6) & slowly increase the current until the 0.2A is reached. . Checked that the output contacts closed and right side flag (on the relay front operated). . Inject 5 times the current setting i.e. 1A, in the relay and note that the timing is < 50ms. . Connect the Relay Trip output contacts (terminals # 1 & 2) to REF- Lockout Relay circuit (86-coil with series cut-off contact) and the output of Lockout contact to both trip the test set, and stop a timer, (refer schematic diagram) . Apply 125VDC to lockout relay circuit. . Inject single phase current into current element (terminal # 5 & 6) & slowly increase the current until the 02.A is reached. . Checked that the ouput contacts (terminal # 1 & 2) closed and both Flags (left “Trip” flag and right” Seal in flag”) operated plus the operation of lockout relay.

Testing of RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY (87N)

Restricted Earth Fault Relay is tested with secondary injection test set with electronic meter. . Isolate the Relay current Measuring Element & Trip Alarm contact by inserting the Test Block MMB01. . Set the seal in coil rating to 0.2 A dc. . Set the trip level value to 0.2 A. . Connect the Relay trip output contacts (terminal # 1 & 2) to both trip the test set, and stop a timer. . Inject single phase current into current element (terminal # 5 & 6) & slowly increase the current until the 0.2A is reached. . Checked that the output contacts closed and right side flag (on the relay front operated). . Inject 5 times the current setting i.e. 1A, in the relay and note that the timing is < 50ms. . Connect the Relay Trip output contacts (terminals # 1 & 2) to REF- Lockout Relay circuit (86-coil with series cut-off contact) and the output of Lockout contact to both trip the test set, and stop a timer, (refer schematic diagram) . Apply 125VDC to lockout relay circuit. . Inject single phase current into current element (terminal # 5 & 6) & slowly increase the current until the 02.A is reached. . Checked that the ouput contacts (terminal # 1 & 2) closed and both Flags (left “Trip” flag and right” Seal in flag”) operated plus the operation of lockout relay.

Testing of DC Under-Voltage Relay (27)

. Before testing technical data of devices to be checked. . Testing to be performed by voltage injection on coil. . Connect DC variable voltage to the coil and increase voltage until relay close and decrease voltage until relay open. Note this voltage. . Check operational of relay indicator or aux. contact for Closed and Open. . Repeat to apply DC voltage at the supply terminals. Check for pick-up and drop-out values

Testing Of AC Under Voltage Relay (27)

AC Under voltage relay is tested with secondary Voltage test set with electronic relay test set. . Isolate the Relay Voltage Measuring Elements & Trip/Alarm contact by inserting the Test Block MMLB01. If the test block available on the metering. . Connect correct polarity/rating of DC Voltage through Test Plug MMLB01 to Relay. Press the “Target Reset” button and check that all target LED lights up. . Set the time for instantaneous mode (all switches to the left). . Set the Under voltage trip level on the relay. . Apply 3-phase AC Voltage on phase A (terminals A1-B1), phase B (terminals A2-B2) and phase C (terminals A3-B3) and slowly vary the AC voltage and check that the relay trips within ±5% of voltage setting. . Set the Under Voltage trip level on the relay to the minimum. . Apply a voltage lower than the trip level on phase A (terminals A1-B1), phase B (terminals A2-B2) and phase C (terminals A3-B3). . Check that the time measured is less than 50ms. . Set the time delay element of the Relay for time delayed Trip. . Set the Under voltage trip level on the relay. . Apply a voltage lower than the trip level on phase A (terminal A1-B1). Phase B ( terminal A2-B2) and phase C (terminals A3-B3) . Check that the time measured is within ± 5% or 30ms (which ever is greater) than the expected value.

Testing Of Feeder Protection Relay (50/51, 50N/51N)

Feeder Protection Relay is tested with secondary injection set with electronic meter. . Ensure that the CT incoming on the Test Plug MMB01 is shorted before inserting. . Isolate the Relay Current Measuring Elements & Trip/.Alarm contacts by inserting the Test Block MMB01. . Connect correct polarity/rating of DC Voltage through Test Plug MMB01 to Relay. Ready “LED indicator” Should be illuminated. . Connect the Relay to computer through Front RS232 Port or use the MM1 (Man Machine interface). . Ensure Curve selection as required. . Disable the instantaneous element and enable the time delayed element of the Relay. . Set the value and check start value for O/C protection. . Inject single phase current into a convenient phase circuit and slowly increase the current until the Pick-up LED lights. . Connect the Relay time delayed output contacts to both trip the test set and stop a timer. . Set appropriate time setting. . Inject single phase current into pole under test at a current level of “n” x rated current (where “n” being the multiple of current setting of the Relay. . Check operating time for the Relay. . Inject single phase current into the pole under test at different current levels. . For instantaneous element operation, enable the instantaneous element of the Relay. . Adjust current setting for instantaneous element and connect instantaneous trip output contact to trip the test set. . Time delay element is set to operate in 4 s. The current level should be set, and then suddenly applied. Test is done for each pole of Relay. All readings are to be recorded on the test form.

Friday, July 15, 2016

Testing Of GE Entellipro Relay

How to Test the following features of EntelliPro: - Overcurrent - Phase Unbalance Loss - Stalled Rotor - Ground Fault - Thermal Memory - GE offers 4 current transformer types: EntelliPro CT 8 (you apply 8A primary we get 32mA secondary) EntelliPro CT 32 (you apply 32A primary we get 32mA secondary) EntelliPro CT 64 (you apply 64A primary we get 32mA secondary) EntelliPro CT 630 (you apply 630A primary we get 32mA secondary) If lower CTs setting values are desired, multiple primary turns feed-thru can be added. Please note that 32mA secondary injection should correspond to 1 x CT value set in the WinESG parameterization screen. Refer to figure 1. The Motor Rated Current (Ir) (percentage of CT) is the value used for overload, phase loss, stalled rotor protections. For example if CT is set to 8Amps and FLA to 4A (FLA = ½ CT), then 1 x FLA = 16 mA (32/2) on the secondary Figure 1. EntelliPro CT setting For easy set-up requiring voltage to be applied minimum number of inputs (note: voltage must be applied per Entellipro input voltage rating) we recommend the settings on figure 2. DO41 contactor (which controls the motor) will be used to monitor the trip time. DI98 should be active to set the operation to Local mode DI97 can be used to turn on contactor DO41 DI96 can be used to turn off contactor DO41 Customers may have different settings to turn on the motor contactor which is acceptable. CT Value Motor Rated Current Sequence of operation to measure trip time: Turn On contactor D041 either by using WinESG control – figure 3 or by applying voltage to DI97 Apply current to phases Trip time should be measured from the time current is applied to the time contactor D041 opens Figure 2. Simple configuration settings. Note you must enable the functions you want to trip Figure 3. On/OFF control using WinESG Overload Test Set the phase (very important). If overload testing is done by applying current to a single phase set the “phase” to 1-phase. Set the Trip class desired. Figure 4. CT, Trip class, Phase settings If CT is 8A (32 mA secondary) and motor full load is also 8A (32mA) it means the 1X point is 32mA. If 2x overload trip is desired, apply 64mA to the secondary. EntelliPro will trip per the Trip class selected according to the trip curve on the manual (refer to overload curve section) Phase Unbalance / phase loss Test For phase unbalance test the Phase unbalance/loss delay must be set (from 1 to 15 seconds) and Phase set to 3-phase. Refer to figure 5. We consider phase unbalance whenever the minimum of the three phase current is less than 70% of the maximum phase current. For instance you apply 32mA on phases A and B and 19 mA to phase C. We consider phase loss whenever the minimum of the three phase current is less than 40% of the maximum phase current. For instance you apply 32mA on phases A and B and 0 mA to phase C. Overcurrent / Stalled Motor Test Threshold 1 (over current) sets the level of current that must be applied for overcurrent / stalled motor. Refer to figure 5. The time to trip is set on Overcurrent delay time (in seconds) as shown in figure 6. Figure 5. Overcurrent /stalled motor current magnitude. Figure 6 – Overcurrent / Stalled motor time delay Operation: Close contactor D041 Apply 5 x 32 mA on all phases and start the timer The contactor should open in 5 seconds (per this setting). Note: Make sure you set the overload trip class appropriately (or lower the stalled motor magnitude) so you trip on stalled motor and not a standard overload. Ground Fault protection Ground fault settings are shown in figure 7. In this case it is set to 0.2 x Ir and 1000msec delay Figure 7. Ground Fault setting The GF is a sum of all three phases. There are important notes needed to understand the GF operation: The GF is disabled when the average of the three phases falls below 50% of motor load or exceeds 3 times the motor load. In this case the motor load is 32 mA secondary. So if the average of the three phases falls below 16mA or is greater than 96 mA then the GF is disabled. Apply 1x (32mA) current to phases A and B. Make sure the current on phases A and B are 180 degrees apart so the summing will be zero. Then apply GF trip current on phase C – in this case the trip magnitude is set to 0.2 (0.2 x 32 = 6.5 mA). The unit should trip in 1 second per Time delay of 1000msec. It is always recommended that the trip current be 5% higher than nominal. Thermal memory Cool down factor must be set as shown on figure 8. The higher the setting the longer it takes the unit to reset and allow the motor to start after an overload trip. Figure 8. Cool down factor / thermal memory Under Windows > Measure you will see the screen shown in figure 9 Figure 9. Time to restart Sequence: Perform an overload trip After the trip and depending on the cooling time set, the “time to re-start” on the panel shown in figure 9 will have a value. To test the thermal memory: try to restart while non-zero (you should not be able to turn on contactor D041 until the time is zero. Thermal memory mimics the motor cooling down period.